The first optical fans had monoculars placed in the axis of the blades. Later spyglasses were placed inside the blades themselves allowing the modest lady to spy on her neighbor behind the relative cover of her fan. The fans were particularly popular with the French court where, in 1782, Marie-Antoinette presented a diamond-studded version to the Grand Duchess of Herse-Darmstadt. As fashions changed, so did optical fans. Mirrors, peepholes, borders with lenses or simply with large holes for the eyes, were all used to allow women to see without being seen. In the 1800s, manufacturers combined two fashions by fitting lorgnettes into the sides of fans. |